Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action Potential simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

Potential flow over rotating cylinder is usually solved by the singularity method. However, in this paper a mathematical solution is presented for this problem by direct solution of the Laplace' s equation. flow over the cylinder was considered non-viscous. Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions were used on the solid surfaces and in the infinity, respectively. Because of non-viscous flow, the Laplace equation is the governing equation of the flow field. The entire flow field was divided into two parts including tree stream over a stationary cylinder and flow over a rotating cylinder with no free stream. Because of linearity of the governing equation, solutions of these flows were superposed to obtain velocity Potential function from which velocity and pressure distribution was obtained. Pressure forces acting on the cylinder were obtained by integrating pressure distribution over the cylinder surface that was exactly the same as the results of the singularity method. Present work achieved the famous Kutta-Joukowski theorem in the aerodynamics and fluid mechanics. In addition, the proposed analytical model was validated by numerical solution.

Introduction: Ionic channel rearrangements through the demyelinated axons or supporting media play significant role in remission of the neurological deficit in MS patients. In this study the effects of Verapamil as a calcium channel blocker on central conduction have been investigated through the evaluation of changes in P100 latency of the visual evoked Potential.Method: This randomized double blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed on two groups of 20 multiple sclerosis patients who had been diagnosed for definite MS and had no relapse during the last year. Case group received oral Verapamil, 40 mg, every 8 hours and was compared to Placebo group for changes in P100 latency.Results: In the Verapamil group, the P100 latencies showed an average decrease of 5ms comparing to the placebo group (6.1±4ms vs1 ± 0.5 ms). Verapamil had no significant effect on the VEP duration.Discussion: The present study suggests that pharmacological manipulation of calcium-dependent process, possibly at the level of demyelinated axon, can acutely facilitate central conduction of electrical impulses in some patients with clinically stable multiple sclerosis.

This paper discusses the disturbance velocity and Potential as well as the total velocity formulation for non lifting Potential flow problem. The problem is derived based on the Cauchy method formulation. The adding and subtracting back technique is used to desingularize the integral equations. The desingularized boundary integral equations are then discretized. The discretized equations can be evaluated using an arbitrary high order Gaussian quadrature or any other numerical integration method. Numerical examples for ellipse and Joukowski airfoil are calculated and compared with the analytical solution. It is shown that the usage of a desingularized Cauchy's formula in Potential flow computation leads to an efficient and an accurate determination of the velocity and pressure on the body surface.

In this paper, recommended spiral passive micromixer was designed and simulated. spiral design has the Potential to create and strengthen the centrifugal force and the secondary flow. A series of simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel width, channel depth, the gap between loops, and flowrate on the micromixer performance. These features impact the contact area of the two fluids and ultimately lead to an increment in the quality of the mixture. In this study, for the flow rate of 25 μl/min and molecular diffusion coefficient of 1×10-10 m2/s, mixing efficiency of more than 90% is achieved after 30 (approximately one-third of the total channel length). Finally, the optimized design fabricated using proposed 3D printing method.

A linear analysis of the temporal instability of a viscoelastic liquid jet with axisymmetric and asymmetric disturbances moving in an innite viscous fluid is investigated. The cause of the instability in the liquid jet is Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, due to the velocity difference and capillary instability, due to surface tension. The dispersion relation for viscoelastic Potential flow is cubic in nature. The stability analysis shows that viscoelastic liquid jets are less unstable than inviscid jets and more unstable than viscous liquid jets for both axisymmetric and asymmetric disturbances. Stability analysis has been undertaken in terms of various parameters, such as Weber number, Reynolds number, Deborah number etc.